010-160 Self-Study Guide for Becoming an Linux Essentials Certificate Exam - version 1.6 Expert
010-160 Study Guide Realistic Verified 010-160 Dumps
NEW QUESTION # 13
What information can be displayed bytop?
- A. User accounts, ordered by the number of logins.
- B. User accounts, ordered by the number of files.
- C. Running processes, ordered by CPU orRAM consumption.
- D. User groups, ordered by the number of members.
- E. Existing files, ordered by their size.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 14
Which of the following commands puts the lines of the file data.csv into alphabetical order?
- A. abc data.csv
- B. grep --sort data.csv
- C. a..z data.csv
- D. wc -s data.csv
- E. sort data.csv
Answer: E
Explanation:
The sort command is used to sort the lines of a file or a stream of input according to a specified criterion, such as alphabetical order, numerical order, reverse order, etc. By default, the sort command sorts the lines in ascending alphabetical order, using the first character of each line as the key. For example, the command sort data.csv will sort the lines of the file data.csv in alphabetical order and display the output on the screen. If you want to save the sorted output to a new file, you can use the redirection operator (>) to specify the output file name. For example, the command sort data.csv > sorted_data.csv will sort the lines of the file data.csv in alphabetical order and save the output to a new file named sorted_data.csv. The other commands are either invalid or do not perform the sorting operation. The a...z command does not exist, the abc command is a text editor, the wc command counts the number of words, lines, and bytes in a file, and the grep command searches for a pattern in a file or a stream of input.
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
Reference:
Linux Essentials - Linux Professional Institute (LPI), section 2.3.2
LPI Linux Essentials Study Guide: Exam 010 v1.6, 3rd Edition, chapter 4, page 95.
NEW QUESTION # 15
FILL BLANK
What keyword is used in a shell script to begin a loop? (Specify one keyword only, without any additional information.)
Answer:
Explanation:
for
NEW QUESTION # 16
What is true about the dmesg command? (Choose two correct answers.)
- A. It displays the content of the Linux kernel's ring buffer.
- B. It traces the execution of a command and shows each step the program carries out.
- C. It sends messages to the command lines of all current user sessions.
- D. It immediately outputs all new messages written to the system journal.
- E. It might not display older information because it was overwritten by newer information.
Answer: A,E
Explanation:
The dmesg command is used to display the messages from the kernel that are stored in a ring buffer. A ring buffer is a fixed-size data structure that overwrites the oldest entries when it is full. Therefore, the dmesg command might not display older information because it was overwritten by newer information. The dmesg command is useful for troubleshooting system issues and checking hardware information. The dmesg command is not used to trace the execution of a command, send messages to user sessions, or output the system journal. Those functions are performed by other commands such as strace, write, and journalctl respectively. Reference: : [dmesg] : [Ring buffer] : [strace] : [write (Unix)] : [journalctl]4)
NEW QUESTION # 17
Which of the following commands puts the lines of the file data.csv into alphabetical order?
- A. abc data.csv
- B. grep --sort data.csv
- C. a..z data.csv
- D. wc -s data.csv
- E. sort data.csv
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION # 18
What information is stored in /etc/passwd? (Choose three.)
- A. The username
- B. The numerical user ID
- C. The encrypted password
- D. The user\s default shell
- E. The user's storage space limit
Answer: A,B,C
NEW QUESTION # 19
Running the command rm Downloads leads to the following error:
rm: cannot remove 'Downloads/': Is a directory
Which of the following commands can be used instead to remove Downloads, assuming Downloads is empty? (Choose two correct answers.)
- A. dir -r Downloads
- B. rm -r Downloads
- C. undir Downloads
- D. rem Downloads
- E. rmdir Downloads
Answer: B,E
Explanation:
To remove a directory, you need to use a command that can delete directories, not just files. The rm command can only remove files by default, unless you use the -r option, which stands for recursive. This option tells rm to delete the directory and all of its contents, including subdirectories and files. The rmdir command can also remove directories, but only if they are empty. If the directory contains any files or subdirectories, rmdir will fail and display an error message. Therefore, the correct commands to remove Downloads, assuming it is empty, are rmdir Downloads and rm -r Downloads. The other commands are either invalid or do not work on directories. Reference:
Linux Essentials - Linux Professional Institute (LPI), section 2.3.1
LPI Linux Essentials Study Guide: Exam 010 v1.6, 3rd Edition, chapter 4, page 93.
NEW QUESTION # 20
Which of the following commands can be used to resolve a DNS name to an IP address?
- A. iplookup
- B. host
- C. dnsname
- D. query
- E. dns
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The host command is used to resolve a DNS name to an IP address or vice versa. It can also perform other DNS queries, such as finding the mail servers for a domain. The host command has the following syntax: host
[options] [name] [server]. The name argument can be a hostname, such as www.lpi.org, or an IP address, such as 192.168.0.1. The server argument is optional and specifies the name or IP address of the DNS server to query. If no server is given, the default system resolver is used. References:
* Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Objectives: 1.4.1. Demonstrate an understanding of the purpose and types of DNS records1
* Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Exam Study Resources: Linux Essentials Manual - Chapter 10. Network Fundamentals - 10.3. DNS and Hostname Resolution - 10.3.1. The host Command2
* Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Exam Study Resources: Linux Essentials Manual - Appendix A. Answers to the Exercises - Chapter 10. Network Fundamentals - 10.3. DNS and Hostname Resolution - Exercise
10.3.12
NEW QUESTION # 21
What information can be displayed bytop?
- A. User accounts, ordered by the number of logins.
- B. User accounts, ordered by the number of files.
- C. User groups, ordered by the number of members.
- D. Running processes, ordered by CPU or RAM consumption.
- E. Existing files, ordered by their size.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The top command is a Linux command that shows the running processes on the system. It provides a dynamic real-time view of the system performance and resource usage. The top command can display various information about the processes, such as their process ID, user, priority, state, CPU and memory usage, command name, and more. The top command can also sort the processes by different criteria, such as CPU or RAM consumption, by using the interactive commands. The top command is useful for monitoring the system load and identifying the processes that are consuming the most resources. References:
* Linux Essentials Topic 104: The Linux Operating System, section 104.3: Basic features and commands of the Linux standard shells.
* Linux Essentials Topic 106: Security and File Permissions, section 106.4: Monitor and manage Linux processes.
NEW QUESTION # 22
What are the differences between a private web browser window and a regular web browser window? (Choose three.)
- A. Private web browser windows do not send regular stored cookies.
- B. Private web browser windows do not support logins into websites.
- C. Private web browser windows do not allow printing or storing websites.
- D. Private web browser windows do not keep records in the browser history.
- E. Private web browser windows do not store cookies persistently.
Answer: A,D,E
NEW QUESTION # 23
Which of the following are typical services offered by public cloud providers? (Choose three correct answers.)
- A. Platform as a Service(PaaS)
- B. Software as a Service (SaaS)
- C. Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS)
- D. Graphics as a Service (GaaS)
- E. Internet as a Service(IaaS)
Answer: A,B,C
Explanation:
Explanation
These are the three most common service models offered by public cloud providers12. They differ in the level of abstraction and control they provide to the customers.
* Platform as a Service (PaaS) is a service model where the public cloud provider offers a ready-to-use platform for developing, testing, and deploying applications. The provider manages the underlying infrastructure, such as servers, storage, network, and operating system, while the customer only needs to focus on the application code andconfiguration. Examples of PaaS include Google App Engine, IBM Cloud Foundry, and Microsoft Azure App Service12.
* Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is a service model where the public cloud provider offers access to fundamental compute, network, and storage resources on demand over the public Internet or through dedicated connections. The provider manages the physical hardware and virtualization layer, while the customer has full control over the configuration and management of the virtual machines, operating system, and applications. Examples of IaaS include Google Compute Engine, IBM Cloud Virtual Servers, and Microsoft Azure Virtual Machines12.
* Software as a Service (SaaS) is a service model where the public cloud provider offers ready-to-use software applications that run on the provider's infrastructure and are accessible through a web browser or a mobile app. The provider manages the entire software stack, including the infrastructure, platform, and application, while the customer only needs to pay for the usage or subscription of the service. Examples of SaaS include Google Workspace, IBM Watson, and Microsoft Office 36512.
References:
* What is Public Cloud | IBM
* What Is a Public Cloud? | Google Cloud
NEW QUESTION # 24
What is true about a recursive directory listing?
- A. It includes details of file system internals, such as inodes.
- B. It includes the permissions of the directory listed.
- C. It includes ownership information for the files.
- D. It includes a preview of content for each file in the directory.
- E. It includes the content of sub-directories.
Answer: E
Explanation:
A recursive directory listing is a way of displaying the files and folders in a directory and all its sub-directories. The recursive option can be used with various commands, such as ls, find, or dir, to list the files recursively. For example, the command ls -R will list all the files and folders in the current directory and any sub-directories, showing the hierarchy of the file system123 A recursive directory listing does not include the permissions, ownership, or file system details of the files, unless specified by other options. For example, the command ls -lR will list the files recursively and also show the permissions, ownership, size, and modification date of each file1 A recursive directory listing also does not include a preview of the content of each file, unless specified by other options. For example, the command ls -R --file-type will list the files recursively and also show the file type indicator, such as / for directories, * for executable files, @ for symbolic links, etc1 Reference: 1: ls (Unix) - Wikipedia 2: Recursively List all directories and files - Stack Overflow 3: Why is ls -R called "recursive" listing? - Ask Ubuntu
NEW QUESTION # 25
Which of the following characters in a shell prompt indicates the shell is running with root privileges?
- A. *
- B. #
- C. $
- D. &
- E. !
Answer: B
Explanation:
The shell prompt is a symbol or a string of characters that indicates the shell is ready to accept commands. The shell prompt can be customized by the user or by the system administrator. The default shell prompt for a normal user is usually a dollar sign ($), while the default shell prompt for the root user is usually a hash sign (#). The root user is the superuser or the administrator of the system, who has full access and control over all files, commands, and resources. Running commands as root can be dangerous, as it can cause irreversible damage to the system if done incorrectly. Therefore, it is advisable to use sudo or su to run commands as root only when necessary, and to switch back to a normal user as soon as possible. The shell prompt indicates the shell is running with root privileges when it ends with a hash sign (#). Reference:
Linux Essentials - Linux Professional Institute (LPI)
Running a shell command as root - Unix & Linux Stack Exchange
NEW QUESTION # 26
What is a Linux distribution?
- A. The set of rules which governs the distribution of Linux kernel source code.
- B. The Linux file system as seen from the root account after mounting all file systems.
- C. A bundling of the Linux kernel, system utilities and other software.
- D. A set of changes to Linux which enable Linux to run on another processor architecture.
- E. An operating system based on Linux but incompatible to the regular Linux kernel.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
A Linux distribution is a collection of software that is based on the Linux kernel and can be installed on a computer or a device to create a functional operating system. A Linux distribution typically includes the Linux kernel, a set of system utilities and libraries, a graphical user interface (GUI), a package manager, and various applications and services. A Linux distribution may also include additional software or features that are specific to the distribution's goals, target audience, or philosophy. For example, some Linux distributions are designed for desktop users, while others are optimized for servers, embedded systems, or security. Some Linux distributions are based on other Linux distributions, while others are developed independently. Some Linux distributions are free and open source, while others are proprietary or commercial. Some Linux distributions are popular and widely used, while others are niche or experimental. Some examples of Linux distributions are Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian, Mint, Arch, and Red Hat. References:
* Linux Essentials Topic 101: System Architecture, section 101.1: Determine and configure hardware settings.
* Linux Essentials Topic 102: Linux Installation and Package Management, section 102.1: Design hard disk layout.
* Linux Essentials Topic 103: GNU and Unix Commands, section 103.1: Work on the command line.
* Linux Essentials Topic 104: The Linux Operating System, section 104.1: Boot the system.
* Linux Essentials Topic 105: The Power of the Command Line, section 105.1: Use text streams and filters.
* Linux Essentials Topic 106: Security and File Permissions, section 106.3: Modify file and directory permissions.
* What is a Linux distribution? - Linux.com
* Linux distribution - Wikipedia
* Best Linux Distributions For Everyone in 2023 - It's FOSS
NEW QUESTION # 27
Which of the following statements is true about Free Software?
- A. It may be modified by anyone using it.
- B. It is developed by volunteers only.
- C. It is only distributed as a compiled binary.
- D. It only runs on Linux.
- E. It must always be available free of charge.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 28
Which permissions are set on a regular file once the permissions have been modified with the command chmod 654 file.txt?
- A. d-wxr-x--
- B. -rw-r-xr--
- C. -wxr-x--x
- D. -rwxrw---x
- E. drw-r-xr--
Answer: B
Explanation:
The chmod command is used to change the permissions of files and directories. The permissions are represented by three sets of three characters, indicating the permissions for the owner, the group, and the others. Each character can be either r (read), w (write), x (execute), or - (no permission). The chmod command can use either symbolic or numeric mode to specify the permissions. In this question, the numeric mode is used, which consists of three digits from 0 to 7. Each digit is the sum of the permissions for each set, where r is 4, w is 2, and x is 1. For example, 7 means rwx, 6 means rw-, and 4 means r-. Therefore, the command chmod 654 file.txt sets the permissions as follows:
The first digit 6 means rw- for the owner, which means the owner can read and write the file, but not execute it.
The second digit 5 means r-x for the group, which means the group can read and execute the file, but not write it.
The third digit 4 means r-- for the others, which means the others can only read the file, but not write or execute it.
The resulting permissions are -rw-r-xr-, which is the correct answer. The other options are incorrect because they either have the wrong permissions or the wrong file type. A regular file does not have the d (directory) prefix, and a directory cannot have the - (no file type) prefix. Reference:
Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Objectives: 4.1. Ownership and Permissions1 Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Exam Study Resources: Linux Essentials Manual - Chapter 8. Security and File Permissions - 8.1. Ownership and Permissions - 8.1.1. The chmod Command2 Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Exam Study Resources: Linux Essentials Manual - Appendix A. Answers to the Exercises - Chapter 8. Security and File Permissions - 8.1. Ownership and Permissions - Exercise 8.1.12
NEW QUESTION # 29
What keyword is used in a shell script to begin a loop? (Specify one keyword only, without any additional information.)
Answer:
Explanation:
for
NEW QUESTION # 30
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