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CIPS L4M7 Exam Syllabus Topics:
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NEW QUESTION 81
Which of the following costs does the EOQ minimise?
- A. Total cost of annual inventory cost
- B. Total cost of safety stock
- C. Total cost of carrying stock
- D. Total cost of ordering inventory
Answer: A
Explanation:
Economic order quantity (EOQ) was developed in 1913 by Ford W.
Harris and has been refined over time. The formula assumes that demand, ordering, and holding costs all remain constant. The EOQ minimizes the total annual inventory cost.
EOQ formula is as follow:
LO 2, AC 2.3
NEW QUESTION 82
Multiple approval levels for a small purchase request is an example of which type of waste?
- A. Over-processing
- B. Over-production
- C. Not using talent
- D. Inventory
Answer: A
Explanation:
Lean thinking aims to remove wastes from work processes. Before diving into the 8 wastes, it is important to understand what waste is. Waste is any action or step in a process that does not add value to the customer. In other words, waste is any process that the customer does not want to pay for.
The original seven wastes (Muda) was developed by Taiichi Ohno, the Chief Engineer at Toyota, as part of the Toyota Production System (TPS). The seven wastes are Transportation, Inventory, Motion, Waiting, Overproduction, Overprocessing and Defects. They are often referred to by the acronym 'TIMWOOD'. The 8th waste of non-utilized talent or 'Skills' of workers was later introduced in the 1990s when the Toyota Production System was adopted in the Western world. As a result, the 8 wastes are commonly referred to as 'TIMWOODS'.
Source: The lean way
Multiple approval levels for a small purchase request is an example of over-processing since this adds more unnecessary work to users and procurement professionals.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.3
NEW QUESTION 83
The purchase-order lead time is the...?
- A. Time needed to correct errors in the defective products
- B. Period between receiving a customer order and producing the products
- C. Period between receiving a customer order and delivering the items
- D. Period between placing an order and its delivery
Answer: D
Explanation:
Purchase order lead time (POLT) refers to the number of days from when a company places an order for production inputs it needs, to when those items arrive at the manufacturing plant.
LO 2, AC 2.3
NEW QUESTION 84
Which of the following can replace pallets as bases for unit loads but they require push pull acces-sories to retrieve or discharge unit load?
- A. Shrink wraps
- B. Skids
- C. Slip sheets
- D. Post pallets
Answer: C
Explanation:
The system of slip sheet load handling involves the use of a thin sheet of material, the slip sheet, as a base on which items are assembled as a unit load for handling, storage, and transport. The slip sheet is used in conjunction with a pallet, if desired, at certain stages in the distribution cycle. If all lift trucks in the cycle are equipped with the proper attachment, an appropriate slip sheet is the only material handling base required. Slip sheet requires special push pull accessories and usually use thin and wide forks.
Skids are generally described as single-deck pallets and do not have bottom flatted layer which makes them less bulky and cheaper than conventional pallets but also less universal in their use.
Shrink wrap, also referred to as shrink film or shrink wrap, is a versatile polymer material used for the packaging of finished goods. Heat is applied to the film - by either a conveyor heat tunnel or an electric or gas heat gun - which catalyzes the film to shrink tightly around the item placed within. This process results in a clear, durable barrier of protection around the product.
Post pallets have a simple metal structure with four uprights and substantial feat to take the load. These may be free standing, but many are designed for the feet to interlock with the posts of another post pallet so that the stack can be created.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.3
NEW QUESTION 85
Lean principle focuses on eliminating eight types of waste. Waste in Lean manufacturing is defined as...?
- A. Rejection of material because of quality related problems
- B. Non value-adding steps in a process
- C. Part of activity when operator is idle
- D. Part of any activity which is inevitable
Answer: B
Explanation:
Lean thinking aims to remove wastes from work processes. Before diving into the 8 wastes, it is important to understand what waste is. Waste is any action or step in a process that does not add value to the customer. In other words, waste is any process that the customer does not want to pay for.
The original seven wastes (Muda) was developed by Taiichi Ohno, the Chief Engineer at Toyota, as part of the Toyota Production System (TPS). The seven wastes are Transportation, Inventory, Motion, Waiting, Overproduction, Overprocessing and Defects. They are often referred to by the acronym 'TIMWOOD'. The 8th waste of non-utilized talent or 'Skills' of workers was later introduced in the 1990s when the Toyota Production System was adopted in the Western world. As a result, the 8 wastes are commonly referred to as 'TIMWOODS'.
Source: The lean way
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.3
NEW QUESTION 86
MRP software is applied to schedule which of the following?
- A. Human resource management
- B. Tax accounting
- C. Executive meetings
- D. Production processes
Answer: D
Explanation:
Material Requirements Planning (MRP) software manages material requirements for manufacturing processes.
LO 2, AC 2.3
NEW QUESTION 87
Which of the following statements about radio frequency identification (RFID) is NOT true?
- A. RFID is a powerful technology for tracking the movement of goods throughout the supply chain
- B. RFID systems can be complied with GS1 standards
- C. RFID tags contain a microchip in which data of an item are saved
- D. RFID systems transmit radio signals over extreme long distances.
Answer: D
Explanation:
RFID tags have very limited range. The following table was extracted from Wikipedia:
RFID tags can be used to do the following:
- Track individual items
- Track boxes of products, cages of products and pallet
- Track containers with multiple loads
- Locate equipment within a building
- Trigger alarms should equipment or stock be removed without authorisation.
RFID tags are made of three different components: an RFID chip, which is an integrated circuit (IC), an antenna, and a substrate. RFID chips are very small integrated circuit incorporating a small memory capability - many are smaller than 2mm square and 2mm thick. Despite its size, many can hold 2000 characters of data. Many retailers simply use the tag as a thick label and print both sides with product information and perhaps a barcode.
It is important to note that there are multiple standards in use for RFID - some of these are standardised for industries but there are also national standards in operations. These standards need to be investigated before investment as not all readers work with all cards. GS1 is a non-for-profit organisation which make the standards for barcodes and RFID.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.2
NEW QUESTION 88
Which of the following are most likely to be direct benefits of applying RFID technology? Select TWO that apply
- A. Multiple items tracking
- B. Being able to work in 1km range or above
- C. Being able to work in harsh conditions without any supports
- D. Large information capacity
- E. Identifying product defects
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
RFID tags are the small devices that can be embedded in labels or attached to tags which work with radio transmitters and/or receivers to identify themselves.
RFID tags can be used to do the following:
- Track individual items
- Track boxes of products, cages of products and pallets
- Track containers with multiple loads
- Locate equipment within a building
- Trigger alarms should equipment or stock be removed without authorisation.
RFID devices have a very small integrated circuit incorporating a small memory capability - many are smaller than 2mm square and 2mm thick. Despite its size, many can hold 2000 characters of data.
RFID operating rage depends on the radio frequency used, receiver capability and the environment. Some tags are only readable from under 1m, others can have a 100m range.
RFID tags and labels are very specific to the type of material and size of your assets. For example, metal will deactivate the RFID antenna and the tag will not transmit at all. Using RFID on metal requires a special type of tag with an RFID block to prevent interference with the antenna. Liquid products can also affect the reliability of the RFID signal. To use RFID tags in specific environ-ments, some technologies are needed to support them.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.2
NEW QUESTION 89
Which of the following allow an organisation to have more flexible space for storage by leveraging the facilities of other parties? Select TWO that apply.
- A. Eliminating dead stock or inventory
- B. Installing double-deep pallet racking
- C. Consignment stocking
- D. Adopting carousel-type storage
- E. Temporary warehousing
Answer: C,E
Explanation:
Temporary warehousing (or 'Very short-term warehousing') is offered in the market where organ-isation makes their requirements for space open online to offers or bids for available space. This appears to be an emerging market and service providers in the UK and USA typically quote a price per pallet per week with some also requiring a 'transaction fee' for movements of each pallet in and out.
Consignment stocking is a facility offered by a supplier to a buyer to allow a delivery of stock to the buyer with payment only after it is used or sold to a customer.
Double-deep pallet racking and carousel-style storage are two tools that leverage space within a warehouse:
Double-deep pallet rack
Carousel style storage
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.1
NEW QUESTION 90
In the Appendix A of a long-term supply contract of Bulk Drug Substance, both parties agree that "The reference price for Bulk Product at the specification, per gram, shall be US$10. The unit price for Bulk Product for a specific Purchase Order shall be computed by multiplying the above- specified reference price by two corrective factors, namely inflation correction factor and exchange rate correction factor". This pricing appendix is an example of...?
- A. Adjustable pricing
- B. Volume-based pricing
- C. Fixed pricing
- D. Discounted pricing
Answer: A
Explanation:
Price setting mechanisms fall into two main categories: fixed and variable. A fixed price mecha-nism is a straightforward concept which typically results in a relatively stable budget that can be forecast. Variable mechanisms have an element of variable pricing per unit bought.
Setting a fixed price mechanism is in theory a relatively simple and straightforward concept, where the collector and the buyer agree on a fixed price for a specific material or mix of materials, for a certain length of time.
All other pricing mechanisms that are not fixed have an element of variable pricing per unit bought.
The most common variable pricing mechanisms can be divided into two groups:
1. Where the benefit accruing to the buyer from acquiring the material is used to calculate what the payment to the seller should be; or Approaches to Materials Sales: A guide for local authorities
2. Where the price paid is indexed to a published source of market price information. The above scenario demonstrates variable pricing mechanism using published sources on inflation rate and exchange rate. CIPS also refers this mechanism as adjustable prices.
Reference:
- CIPS study guide page 138-139
- 10.0 Price setting mechanisms
LO 3, AC 3.1
NEW QUESTION 91
XYZ Ltd has been adopting MRP system for years. The system helps the company improve effi-ciency greatly and generates huge cost-savings. However, MRP system is only limited to produc-tion process management and XYZ management team would like to have better insights into re-sources required across the organisation as a whole. Which software system would help XYZ management team achieve the above objective?
- A. ERP
- B. MRP II
- C. P2P
- D. MPS
Answer: A
Explanation:
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is the integrated management of main business processes, often in real time and mediated by software and technology. ERP provides an integrated and con-tinuously updated view of core business processes using common databases maintained by a data-base management system. ERP systems track business resources-cash, raw materials, production capacity-and the status of business commitments: orders, purchase orders, and payroll. The applications that make up the system share data across various departments (manufacturing, purchasing, sales, accounting, etc.) that provide the data. ERP facilitates information flow between all business functions and manages connections to outside stakeholders.
Manufacturing resource planning (MRP II) is defined as a method for the effective planning of all resources of a manufacturing company. Ideally, it addresses operational planning in units, financial planning, and has a simulation capability to answer "what-if" questions and extension of closed-loop MRP. This is not exclusively a software function, but the management of people skills, requiring a dedication to database accuracy, and sufficient computer resources. It is a total company management concept for using human and company resources more productively.
A master production schedule (MPS) is a plan for individual commodities to be produced in each time period such as production, staffing, inventory, etc. It is usually linked to manufacturing where the plan indicates when and how much of each product will be demanded. This plan quantifies significant processes, parts, and other resources in order to optimize production, to identify bottlenecks, and to anticipate needs and completed goods. Since a MPS drives much factory activity, its accuracy and viability dramatically affect profitability.
Procure-to-pay (P2P) is a term used in the software industry to designate a specific subdivision of the procurement process. The procure-to-pay systems enable the integration of the purchasing department with the accounts payable (AP) department. Some of the largest players of the software industry agree on a common definition of procure-to-pay, linking the procurement process and financial department.
LO 2, AC 2.3
NEW QUESTION 92
With D is the annual demand (units), S is cost per order, H is annual carrying cost per unit; the formula for Economic Order Quantity is....?
- A. √(D*S*H)
- B. √(2D*S/H)
- C. √(D*S/2H)
- D. √(D*S/3H)
Answer: B
Explanation:
LO 2, AC 2.3
NEW QUESTION 93
A manager who is concerned about the environmental impact of packaging should do which of the following?
- A. Purchase the packaging materials in bulk
- B. Not use the packaging materials at all
- C. Try to reduce the costs of packaging
- D. Adopt international environmental packaging standards
Answer: D
Explanation:
In principle, use of any materials involves an environmental cost. Some packaging materials use a lot of natural resources and energy to produce. The journey taken by packaging from raw material to manufacturing and then to the initial user also incurs a 'carbon footprint'. The weight of packag-ing contributes to the fuel usage of vehicles while the volume used can add up to additional jour-neys or the use of larger vehicles. Finally, the reuse, return, disposal or recycling will also involve additional to the environmental cost.
In this question:
- 'Purchase
the packaging materials in bulk' may incur additional fuel and carbon footprint in delivering these materials
- 'Try to reduce the costs of packaging' may prompt the organisation to use less eco-friendly and cheap materials like polystyrene chips
- 'Not use the packaging materials at all' can increase the environmental performance of packag-ing activities, but it also harms the products to be delivered and may cause other environmental problems (i.e. spillage of toxic chemicals into the environment) So the correct answer should be: 'Adopt international environmental packaging standards'. The International Standards Organisation (ISO) has published several standards regarding packaging and environment, namely ISO 18601, ISO 18602, ISO 18603, ISO 18604, ISO 18605, ISO 18606.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.3
NEW QUESTION 94
"Open stock plus purchases minus closing stock" is the formula of which of the following?
- A. Revenue
- B. Liability
- C. Cost of goods sold
- D. Inventory
Answer: C
Explanation:
The amount of closing stock (properly valued) is used to arrive at the cost of goods sold in a periodic inventory system with the following calculation:
Opening stock + Purchases - Closing stock = Cost of goods sold
Reference:
- CIPS study guide page 130-131
- Closing stock definition
LO 2, AC 2.3
NEW QUESTION 95
Which of the following is the correct statement about total ordering cost?
- A. Rise as the average stock level rises
- B. Rise as the order quantity rises
- C. Equal the number of orders placed times the cost of placing an order
- D. Fall with the per period usage rate
Answer: C
Explanation:
Typically, ordering costs include expenses for a purchase order, labor costs for the inspection of goods received, labor costs for placing the goods received in stock, labor costs for issuing a supplier's invoice and labor costs for issuing a supplier payment. These costs are irrelevant from the size of the order and are incurred every time a firm places an order.
The total ordering cost will be equal to ordering cost per order multiply with number of orders.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.2
NEW QUESTION 96
GAP Ltd is a growing retail business. It spends a lot of money on buying stock for sale. However, the procurement process is still largely manual. This manual process contains a lot of tasks that are repeated for each procurement event and time consuming. The company management team decides to adopt procure-to-pay (P2P) software in order to eliminate duplicate activities and improve process efficiencies. Which type of cost is GAP targeting?
- A. Acquisition costs
- B. Holding costs
- C. Disposal costs
- D. Cost of stockouts
Answer: A
Explanation:
Costs of holding inventory include the following:
* Acquisition cost
* Inventory holding cost
* Costs of stock-outs
Acquisition costs follow the typical procure-to-pay model. Benefits of procure-to-Pay (P2P) software include:
- Vendor Management, which includes researching, selecting, engaging with, and evaluating the performance of suppliers who make up your supply chain.
- Purchase Requisition Workflows, or the formal process of creating and submitting a purchase requisition (PR) for approval to meet a specific business need.
- Purchase Order (PO) Workflows, covering the creation of a formal, detailed PO from the purchase requisition, including information on the quantity and quality of goods and services, as well as specific terms and conditions.
- Receiving, which includes the acceptance of physical goods (or review of quality and completion for services) and entering the accepted order into inventory, tracking, and accounting systems.
- Invoice Management, during which the invoice is compared to the original PO to verify pricing, quality, quantity, and terms have been met.
- Accounts Payable Workflows, wherein the accounts payable department processes the invoice for payment, submits the payment to the vendor, and reconciles any related financial entries in the accounting system.
The software is intended to help reduce the acquisition costs.
LO 2, AC 2.2
NEW QUESTION 97
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